International Journal of Management Thinking
The International Journal of Management Thinking (IJMT) (e-ISSN-3009-0016) is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated to advancing global research, theory, and practice across management, leadership, organizational studies, and strategic business systems. The journal publishes rigorous theoretical, empirical, and applied research that advances contemporary management thought, organizational effectiveness, innovation, and sustainable business practices. IJMT serves as a global platform for academics, researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and industry professionals to exchange innovative ideas and evidence-based insights that address both current and emerging challenges in management and organizational contexts.
Live-Streaming Influencers and Customer Loyalty: A Systematic Review of Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality in TikTok Commerce
TikTok live-streaming commerce has changed digital marketing by making influencer marketing a main way to boost consumer engagement and loyalty. Although more brands are using influencer-led strategies, studies have found mixed results about how influencer marketing, customer satisfaction, service quality, and customer loyalty are connected. This study reviews the current literature to bring together the evidence and highlight the main factors that affect customer loyalty in live-streaming commerce. This study used a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies from 2018 to 2025 were selected from the Scopus database using set criteria. In total, 35 studies were analyzed with thematic synthesis and keyword-based word cloud analysis. The results show that influencer credibility, authenticity, customer satisfaction, trust, and service quality are the main factors affecting customer loyalty in TikTok live-streaming commerce. Customer satisfaction often links influencer marketing to loyalty, while the impact of service quality differs by industry and digital platform. This study integrates Source Credibility Theory, Parasocial Interaction Theory, Expectation–Disconfirmation Theory, and SERVQUAL to examine how relational and experiential factors collectively influence loyalty formation in influencer-driven social commerce. The results offer both theoretical and practical implications for researchers and marketers aiming to enhance customer loyalty within live-streaming environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khusnul Khotimah, Lusiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Opportunities and Challenges in Pakistan’s Telecommunications Industry: A Quantitative Analysis
Pakistan’s telecommunications sector has grown significantly over the past 20 years, but maintaining this progress remains difficult due to economic, regulatory, and infrastructure constraints. This study examines the main reasons the telecom industry in Pakistan has slowed and offers practical suggestions for sustainable growth. The research uses a quantitative approach, gathering data from structured questionnaires given to telecom professionals and analyzing telecom growth trends from 2005 to 2023. Results show that about 42% of respondents said the industry is growing at a moderate pace, but sometimes slows down. About 55% think market saturation is partly to blame, even though there are still opportunities for growth. Most respondents (65%) cited high taxes, currency devaluation, rising costs, and a lack of investment as the main challenges. The study also found that 53% see the industry as only moderately competitive, with little difference between companies. Meanwhile, 75% believe that updating infrastructure, changing regulations, lowering taxes, and expanding digital services are key to future growth. Industry data show that the number of cellular subscribers grew from 33.9 million in 2005–2006 to 197.04 million in 2022–2023. Telecom revenue also increased from PKR 194.9 billion to PKR 572 billion over the same period. However, growth has slowed in recent years because of regulatory challenges, higher costs, and limited investment. The study finds that policy reforms, investment in new technologies like 5G and Fiber-optic networks, and long-term infrastructure development are needed to strengthen Pakistan’s telecommunications industry and support its digital transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zaheer Ahmad, Urva Bashir, Khalid Alazab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Behavioral Factors Influencing SME Financial Performance: Financial Decision-Making, Communication, and Advisory Support in Oman
This study examines how financial decision-making (FDM) and financial communication (FC) affect the financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Oman, drawing on Behavioral Finance. It also explores how Financial Behavior (FB) acts act as mediator and how access to financial advisory services (AFAS) influences these relationships. The research used a quantitative cross-sectional design, collecting data from 384 SME owners and managers across different sectors in Oman. The analysis was done with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that financial decision-making and financial communication both play a key role in improving SME financial performance. Financial behavior partially mediates the relationship between financial decision-making, financial communication, and SME financial performance. This suggests that disciplined financial practices are essential for turning financial strategies and communication into better organizational results. This study adds to research on Behavioral finance and SMEs by offering evidence from an emerging economy. It highlights how behavioral discipline, clear communication, and advisory support help make SMEs more financially sustainable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Humaid Talib Rashid Al Musheifri, Baharudin Kadir, Zaharuzaman Jamaluddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Social Media Advertising on Business Performance: Evidence from Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Dumai City, Indonesia
This study examines the impact of social media advertising on business performance among micro, small, and medium enterprises locally referred to ““Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah” (UMKM) in Dumai City, Indonesia. It focuses on Facebook and Instagram as the primary platforms. The research examines the impact of advertising exposure, perceived usefulness, and customer engagement on sales and business growth. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire completed by 187 UMKM entrepreneurs. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS Version 26. The findings illustrate the influence of these digital platforms on UMKM outcomes. The findings indicate that 91% of respondents use Facebook Ads and 74% use Instagram Ads. A majority of participants (68.3%) agree that social media advertising increases business visibility, while 55.4% report an improvement in customer engagement. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates a positive correlation between advertising investment and sales performance, suggesting that consistent and strategic digital promotions contribute to measurable business growth. The study finds that female entrepreneurs and businesses in the food and beverage sector benefit most, suggesting that gender and business type affect advertising effectiveness. Social media advertising supports small business growth in regional Indonesia. Its success depends not only on financial investment but also on high-quality content, analytics, and active customer engagement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lailani Fitria, Rispa Eliza, Silvia Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Descriptive Study on Employee Perceptions of Motivational Factors in a Malaysian Insurance Firm
Employee performance is critical for business success, particularly in the competitive Malaysian insurance sector. This research aims to study the key constituents impacting employee job performance within AIA Kuala Lumpur, a leading Malaysian insurance firm. This research involves a structured questionnaire in three aspects including rewards, training, and working environment to collect data from 270 samples of employees from various departments within the company. Regarding the key motivational factors, reward showed the highest positive perceptions among respondents, followed by training and working environment; moreover, job performance showed positive self-assessments. The overall reliability and validity of the constructs were strong, indicating the suitability scales across all factors. This study contributes to the existing body of literature by providing reliable construct measurements for motivational factors within the Malaysian insurance industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuye Lu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Marketing Capabilities and SME Performance in Oman's Logistics Industry: The Mediating Role of Crowdsourcing and Open Innovation
This study examines the impact of digital marketing capabilities on the business performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Oman’s logistics industry, with a specific focus on the mediating roles of crowdsourcing and open innovation. A quantitative research approach was used, involving data collection from 400 top management personnel through structured questionnaires. The responses were analyzed using Smart-PLS and structural equation modelling techniques. The results reveal that online community engagement has a significant positive impact on business performance while crowdsourcing and open innovation also contribute meaningfully to performance enhancement. Although digital marketing capability alone does not directly influence performance, it plays an enabling role by strengthening online community engagement. Mediation analysis confirms that online community engagement indirectly improves business performance through the mediating effects of crowdsourcing and open innovation. The study concludes that active online engagement and collaborative innovation are critical drivers of SME success in Oman’s logistics sector. Practically, SMEs should prioritize building online communities and leveraging crowdsourcing over relying solely on digital marketing tools. Policymakers are encouraged to support these efforts by fostering digital infrastructure and innovation ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Faisal Ibrahim, Kamisah Supian, Amal SaleH Al Ubaidani, Fahad Al Abri, Wafa Al hosni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Insights into Workplace Coaching for Navigating Stress: Supporting Employees Through Organizational Change
Change and turbulence in organizations often result in increased employee stress, job insecurity, and uncertainty, emphasizing the need for effective support strategies. This study explores whether workplace coaching is perceived as a valuable tool for alleviating work-related stress and job insecurity during periods of organizational change. This paper reports on a subset of quantitative data collected as part of a larger study within Australian rail organizations, focusing on survey responses regarding employees' perceptions of coaching. Of the 128 randomly selected rail organisations invited to participate online, 52 returned completed surveys, yielding a 40.6 percent response rate. Findings suggest that both internal and external coaching are widely used within these organisations. Additionally, it was revealed that coaching practices are generally perceived as helpful in reducing stress and offering support during times of change. The study also highlights that change can lead to significant uncertainty for employees. As this study relies on self-reported perception data and does not measure actual stress levels before and after coaching interventions, the results should be interpreted as indicative rather than conclusive. Despite these limitations, the findings contribute to the ongoing scholarly discourse on workplace coaching by offering insights into how employees in a change-intensive industry perceive coaching as a resource for navigating work-stress and uncertainty. The study also provides preliminary implications for organisations seeking to integrate coaching into broader employee support, capacity-building, and change management strategies during periods of change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mehdi Ebrahimi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dimensions and Determinants of Psychological Adaptation Among Chinese College Students
Psychological adaptation is recognized as a vital regulator and indicator of mental well-being. In recent years, mental crises among college students in China have primarily been attributed to psychological maladaptation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the different dimensions and determinants of psychological adaptation among Chinese college students. A narrative-style systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Prisma statement's principles. The research sample consisted of online database published in the time-series (2015-2024) about college students' general and psychological adaptation. The analytical results indicate that the psychological adaptation encompasses five prevalent dimensions: academic adaptation, environmental adaptation, interpersonal adaptation, self-adaptation, and emotional adaptation. It was noted that the factors which affect psychological can be categorized intrinsically at two levels: (a) internal and external factors; (b) micro factors, meso factors and macro factors. The study concludes that the college students' psychological adaptation is a multifaceted subject that needs to be considered from multiple perspectives for better understanding. Self-efficacy, also known as self-regulation, is a crucial and fundamental element which influences psychological adaptation. On the other hand, social support as an external factor has a significant effect at multiple levels including the micro, meso, and macro levels. The thorough evaluation of literature, provided us vast and inter-linked approaches for psychological adaptation analysis of an individual or college student. Variably adopted by different researchers, with the same purpose to achieve psychological health integrated into an individual’s life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yang Xia, Mohd Muslim Bin Md Zalli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Critical Review of Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) and Business School Ranking Mechanisms: Assessment for Educational Policy Reforms
Business school rankings provide valuable insights for prospective students and employers, helping them make informed decisions about education and talent acquisition. This study critically analyses the process and mechanism of the world university ranking, especially for the business school ranking. It provides a good insight for policymakers to consider and incorporate the concerns in their policies. This research introduces a novel perspective by dissecting the evolving dynamics of business school rankings, unearthing fresh insights to inform policy decisions and shape the future of business education. It also incorporated structured interviews to more detail comprehend the phenomenon of interest. The study adopted purposive sampling to select respondent and collect their insights. This study offers a unique perspective on the complicated world of business school rankings, dissecting the process and mechanisms, and brings fresh insights essential for policy considerations and the evolution of business education. The study proclaims that ranking should not only be based on observable indicators but also consider their contribution to society. It pioneers a critical analysis that benefits prospective students and employers and provides a novel framework for policymakers to address pertinent concerns in their decision-making processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Qianyi Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Hashtag Movements Role on Facebook in Political Activism Among Youth of Pakistan: A Digital Ethnography
This study aims to examine the youth in political activism through Facebook in Pakistan, A digital anthropology study focusing on the attitudes, motivations, and objectives that drive youth to participate in online political matters. The research explores how political mobilization is raised on Facebook through a hashtag movement. By adopting a digital anthropology approach, the study employed participant observation to collect qualitative data from purposively sampled Facebook posts, comments, and content related to political activism for the specific hashtags. The sample size of about 350 posts, 1,200 comments, and around 800 reactions and shares were analyzed. The data were analyzed thematically to identify trends and patterns in youth engagement. The findings reveal that Facebook is a significant platform for youth political activism, enabling anonymous participation that encourages freedom of expression. However, the platform is also marked by widespread abusive behaviour and hate speech. The study highlights the prevalence of hashtag movements and online mobilization as key strategies for political engagement, with youth leveraging these tools to influence public discourse and advocate for political causes. The study concludes that Facebook has transformed political activism by providing a virtual space for dialogue and mobilization but also emphasizes the need for measures to curb online abuse. It suggests promoting digital literacy and fostering constructive political engagement to enhance the positive impact of social media on political discourse. This study advances knowledge of Pakistan's complex interactions among technology, young culture, and political activity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asmaa Shahid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining the Influence of Digital Leadership, Organizational Culture and Strategic Approaches to Digitalization
The study aims to identify the key factors driving successful digital transformation through digital leadership and organizational culture. A quantitative study utilized multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesized relationships among digital leadership, organizational culture design thinking and knowledge sharing. Data was collected from 400 managerial-level employees in technologically advanced organizations in Beijing, China. The findings reveal that all four independent variables, digital leadership, organizational culture, design thinking, and knowledge sharing, positively and significantly influence digitalization, with organizational culture and design thinking having the most potent effects. These results emphasize the importance of leadership, culture, innovation and knowledge management in driving digital transformation. The study concludes that organizations should foster strong digital leadership, a supportive culture and innovative approaches to enhance their digital capabilities. Its practical implications highlight the importance of investing in these factors to navigate digital transformation successfully in today's business environment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Haipeng Wu, Phanthida Laophuangsak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Implementation Effect, Blocking Factors and Relief Paths of The Policy on Cultivating New Professional Farmers Based on The Perspective of Policy Network Theory
This study examines the effectiveness of policies aimed at cultivating new professional farmers in East China, with a particular focus on the role of government support, stakeholder collaboration, and the challenges faced during the implementation of training programs. The aim of the study was to critically assess the impact of these training initiatives and identify key factors that influence their success. A qualitative case study approach was employed, using secondary data analysis of government reports, academic studies, and local evaluations. The findings revealed that while government policies provided a strong framework for agricultural modernization, the success of training programs was impeded by insufficient local resources, fragmented stakeholder collaboration, and farmers' reluctance to adopt new farming techniques. Additionally, the quality of training varied significantly across regions, limiting the program’s effectiveness. The study concludes that the full potential of these training programs can be realized through enhanced stakeholder collaboration, localized policy implementation, and addressing resource and motivation barriers. The implications for policy include the need for more tailored, region-specific strategies, greater investment in infrastructure, and improved coordination between stakeholders to ensure the sustainability and inclusivity of the training initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yongcai Li, Lei Shen, Mo Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mobility Assistive Technology (AT) for Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP): A Literature Review
This paper comprehensively reviews mobility assistive technology (MAT) use in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Currently, 9 million people are severely affected by CP, the most serious form of movement disability, characterised by deficits in movement, posture, and more, alongside cognitive and sensory deficits. These impairments restrict the child's functionality in self-care, performing tasks associated with daily living, and socialisation. The primary purpose of this paper is to establish the role of MAT in supporting children with CP and assess its impact on their lives. This review describes a range of devices that enhance mobility in motor-disabled patients, such as powered wheelchairs, robotic exoskeletons, ankle-foot orthoses (AFO), and gait trainers. It examines their effects on the psychosocial well-being and physical growth of children with CP. A methodical search within the PRISMA framework enabled us to analyse papers from 2010 to 2024, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of assistive technology (AT). It was noted that although ATs can improve independence, social involvement, and mobility, challenges such as high costs, poor design, and unavailability of these resources in underprivileged regions remain. New information technologies, including intelligent systems and virtual reality (VR) training tools, effectively address health-related issues; however, optimising these techniques over a long period needs further study. This paper underscores the importance of a more child-centred design of AT devices and additional policy adjustments to enhance accessibility across different socio-economic strata. Through this review, we seek to advance the emerging understanding of the role of mobility AT in enhancing the lives of children with CP, focusing on identifying weaknesses in the existing research and suggesting possible advancements.
Copyright (c) 2024 Guanzhou Ren, Rosalam Che Me https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Relationship between Student Engagement and Role of Career Adaptability to Enhance Employability of University Graduates
This study investigates the relationship between student engagement, career adaptability, and the employability of university graduates. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 450 undergraduate and postgraduate students at two universities in Guangzhou, China. Regression analysis was conducted, and statistical package of social science (SPSS) software was employed to examine the impact of key variables, including career adaptability, transferable skills, social support networks, and student engagement, on employability outcomes. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between career adaptability and successful workforce transition, suggesting that graduates with higher adaptability are better prepared for the job market. Transferable skills gained through higher education were also found to have a substantial impact on employability across various industries. Furthermore, social support networks, both within and outside the university, were shown to positively influence graduates' career development and job acquisition. The findings underscore the importance of integrating career adaptability training in universities by emphasizing the development of transferable skills and strengthening social support networks. Additionally, fostering student engagement through academic and extracurricular activities is crucial. The study concludes that a comprehensive approach that incorporates these elements can significantly enhance the employability of university graduates, enabling them to meet the demands of the modern workforce.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zhiqiang Jiang, Baihong Chen, Ruibin Gao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing and Enhancing Core Competencies in Vocational Education: A Case Study of Senior Students at Guangxi Police College, China
This study evaluates the core competencies of senior students at Guangxi Police College within the framework of higher vocational education and provides guidelines for enhancing these skills. A Likert 5-Point Scale questionnaire based on Lin Chongde’s 2017 framework assessed these competencies among 155 students. A statistical study of the data, concentrating on mean values and standard deviations, indicated variable levels of competence across six dimensions: moral awareness, social responsibility, cultural comprehension, critical thinking, language competency, and aesthetic appreciation. They demonstrated high levels of ethical awareness, social responsibility, cultural understanding, critical thinking, and aesthetic appreciation, while language abilities were graded as medium, indicating a need for targeted improvement. Recommendations include incorporating interactive language activities and industry-specific training, targeting critical thinking through case studies and debate clubs, broadening cultural understanding through international exposure, cultivating aesthetic appreciation through art classes, and increasing social responsibility through community service and internships. Integrating ethics education across all disciplines and practical ethical dilemma workshops were suggested to promote moral awareness. This study presents a complete examination of basic abilities in a vocational environment and offers actionable suggestions for educational improvement. This paper addresses the critical gap in creating vocational training programs for police officers. It focuses on police students' vocational education and provides a detailed assessment of fundamental abilities adapted for law enforcement training. The study findings give an insightful overview of the viable future revisions in vocational programs that match the educational requirements and practical demands of the police profession.
Copyright (c) 2024 Huina Mo, Savitri Chitbanchong, Nuttamon Punchatree, Sirapob Thepphitak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Career Planning Process Strategy for Students in Guangxi Police College, Guangxi Province, China
This study aimed to evaluate and enhance the career planning process for students at Guangxi Police College, focusing on quantitative and qualitative insights. A mixed-methods approach was employed. In Phase 1, a quantitative survey of 248 recent graduates was conducted to assess their satisfaction with the college's career planning strategies. Phase 2 comprised qualitative focus group discussions with nine faculty members gathering in-depth perspectives on the effectiveness of current career planning practices. The findings revealed a generally high level of student satisfaction, with an overall mean score of 3.64 out of 5. However, areas such as self-assessment and goal setting scored slightly lower, indicating opportunities for improvement. Faculty feedback emphasised the need for regular updates, external evaluations, and increased real-world exposure to better prepare students for the job market. The study concludes that while Guangxi Police College has established a strong foundation in career planning, there is still room for further enhancement. Targeting enhancements in self-assessment, goal setting, and practical application could significantly improve student outcomes. These findings correspond with existing research, underscoring the importance of a comprehensive and context-sensitive approach to career planning in specialised educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Weilun Su, Pong Horadal, Nuttamon Punchatree https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining Emotional Factors of Smart Toilets Design for China's New Elderly
The emergence of a “new elderly” group in China with unique emotional needs has highlighted the importance of smart toilet design. This study explores the emotional needs of the new elderly and the potential benefits of specialized sanitary products in addressing their emotional well-being. The study developed a framework based on Norman’s Three-level theory of Emotional Design (NTTED) and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory (MHNT) which have been widely used in the field of emotional design. A quantitative method is employed and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data by using cluster sampling from the high-tech zone in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, about 501 respondents participated among 394 are new elderly and 108 are traditional elderly. The findings from a case study involving 501 elderly participants emphasize the significance of emotional factors in product design for the new elderly, specifically in the context of smart toilets in China. High-quality materials, personalized safety features, and cognitive enhancement contribute to user satisfaction. Lastly, the identified pain points underscore the need for privacy and safety measures, clear instructions, and sensory comfort. Enhancements in maneuverability address limited deftness and instruction readability, while adaptability focuses on tactile and visual cues. Respect, belonging, and progression considerations are pivotal in ensuring user satisfaction and well-being. This study identifies the emotional factors in product design for the new elderly in China to enhance emotional design in smart toilets for this demographic.
Copyright (c) 2024 Qiuyi Li, Rosalam Che Me, Mohd Faiz Yahaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socioeconomic and Environmental Determinants of Household Willingness to Pay for Improved Electricity Services: A Case Study of Nowshera, Pakistan
Electricity is critical to our daily lives, and frequent interruptions in the electricity supply impact not only industrial productivity and economic growth but also disrupt household activities and daily routines. This study aims to determine the factors influencing a household's willingness to pay additional charges for improved electricity service. The study collected primary data through the contingent valuation method from 285 households from Nowshera, Pakistan, and applied binary logistic regression estimation. The findings show that a household's education level, household size, monthly income, monthly electricity bill, and service reliability significantly influence consumers' willingness to pay additional charges to get satisfactory electricity service. Furthermore, as various household activities rely on electricity, households are typically willing to pay an extra amount for better electricity service. The study also highlights that environmental awareness and attitudes towards renewable energy resources influence consumer preferences. Furthermore, those who are more conscious of sustainability exhibit a greater willingness. This study is unique in that it comprehensively assesses the socioeconomic and behavioural aspects affecting the willingness to pay for reliable power in a developing country, specifically Nowshera, Pakistan. Unlike earlier studies, it investigates the impact of household activities on willingness to pay, shedding light on how cultural, religious, and social interactions influence energy preferences. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the adoption of renewable energy as an electricity service for the consumer, providing a dual benefit of improved service reliability and a sustainable energy source.
Copyright (c) 2024 Farah Naz, Shehryar Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Ecotourism in North Taihu Lake, Wuxi City, China: Integrating Back Propagation Neural Networks and Ant-Colony Algorithm for Sustainable Route Planning
Urbanization's rapid pace has sparked a growing interest in nature-focused travel experiences, highlighting the growing importance of ecotourism. This study presents an innovative algorithm for ecotourism route planning, focusing on aligning tourists with attractions to enhance growth and appeal. The research utilizes ecological attractions in the Taihu Lake scenic area as an experimental dataset, incorporating historical travel data to examine the relationship between user characteristics and ecotourism attractions. Backpropagation neural networks and one-hot encoding are employed to predict visitor experiences. At the same time, a new ecotourism route design method combining deep learning and an ant colony algorithm based on average distance is applied to formulate an optimal ecotourism route. Results indicate Yuan Tou Zhu and Ling Shan as the top recommended destinations, with the optimal path identified as 1, 2, 3, 6, 4, 5, 7. This suggests that considering individual tourist preferences significantly elevates visitor satisfaction in ecotourism route planning, and it reveals the positive impact of aligning tourist attributes with attraction features. The findings underscore the importance of integrating user preferences into ecotourism planning strategies. Prioritizing personalized tourist experiences significantly enhances the effectiveness of ecotourism route planning initiatives. The research contributes a comprehensive framework for revitalizing ecotourism in the digital age, recommending the prioritization of individual tourist inclinations and attraction compatibility. Furthermore, adopting deep learning techniques and one-hot encoding is suggested to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of ecotourism planning.
Copyright (c) 2024 Na Li, Siti Zubaidah Mohd Ariffin, Heng Gao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Remittances on Economic Expansion and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Pakistan
This study investigates the impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan. The research aims to empirically examine the relationship between remittances, economic expansion and poverty reduction. Using data from 1980 to 2021, sourced from the World Bank, the study employs the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test to assess the stationarity of variables. The results indicate that all variables are stationary, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach for analysis. The ARDL bound test confirms a long-term relationship between the variables. In the context of economic growth, the study finds that remittances have a positive and significant impact, with a 1% increase in remittances associated with a 0.26% rise in GDP. However, the study observes a negative impact of foreign direct investment on GDP. Regarding poverty reduction, the results suggest that remittances have a negative and insignificant effect on poverty, with a 1% increase associated with a 0.53% decrease in poverty. Granger causality tests reveal unidirectional causation between remittances and economic growth and between remittances and poverty. The findings underscore the importance of remittances in influencing economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan. Recommendations include policies to enhance remittances' positive impact on economic growth and poverty alleviation. The study's implications extend to policy recommendations, emphasizing the potential benefits of remittances in fostering economic growth and poverty reduction. Policymakers are encouraged to consider remittances' positive impact when formulating sustainable development strategies. Additionally, the research contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the nuanced relationships among remittances, economic growth, and poverty alleviation in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Haroon Raza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Literacy's Moderating Effect on Project Selection with Heuristic-Driven Biases: SMEs’ Entrepreneurial Market Development in Pakistan
Certain biases on various project stages influence projects. Based on the moderating influence of financial literacy, the effect of heuristic-driven biases on project selection is evaluated in this research. The study aimed to evaluate how heuristics-driven biases affected the project management environment. A questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale is used to gather quantitative data. The study's target demographic comprises project managers and other senior employees at Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with more than five years of experience. This study involved 200 participants, but only 151 responses were deemed authentic. Convenience sampling is the study's methodology. SPSS and Smart PLS3 are used for data analysis. The findings show that three behavioural biases, availability, representativeness, and under-confidence, have a negligible influence on project selection, but two behavioural biases—overconfidence and anchoring have a favourable impact. The research asserts that individuals do not succumb to these biases in many SMEs. The findings indicate that financial literacy does not moderate the association between heuristic-driven biases and project selection. Entrepreneurs, managers, investors, and businesses will gain immensely. Business owners should detect heuristic-driven biases to make better judgements. Controlling heuristic biases helps entrepreneurs make better decisions and implement productive business strategies. This research will help business owners manage their heuristic biases and grab business opportunities without making costly mistakes. This study offers a unique opportunity and the potential to improve the knowledge of entrepreneurial managers about the impact of heuristic-driven biases in the context of project management.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hira Asif, Mariam Mansoor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Data-Driven Career Placement Examination System with Prediction Model in Forecasting Licensure Performance Using Regression Techniques
Education plays a vital role in the development of a country, and predicting the students' performance is essential to identify future risks they might encounter and enable academic institutions to take corrective actions to prevent them from failure. This study used the descriptive and developmental method of research, and criterion sampling was used to identify/select the individuals who can provide the best information for the objective of this study. After gathering the Career Placement Exam (CPE) results, the output is now imported to the developed predictive data analysis tool on which the simple-linear regression is used. Since the CPE results are not strong enough to verify the predicted result, all the undergraduate semestral grades are also used and subdivided for each of the seven technical subjects/areas, where a multilinear regression model is used. Overall, regarding Security, Functionality, Usability, Reliability, and Portability, the level of acceptance for the developed prototype system is Highly Acceptable. Moreover, for the result of the level of accuracy using the simple linear regression model (for the CPE) and the multilinear regression model (for the seven technical areas), the accuracy level of >=85 is based on the predicted and actual data generated in the Analytics tool Using the equation/model derived from linear regression techniques, the machine learning prototype can determine whether the students can pass or fail the CAAP Licensure Examination as follows: if α≤79.99, then the student will fail; if 85.00≤α≥80.00, then it is questionable for the student to pass and if α≥85.01 then the student will likely pass the licensure examination.
Copyright (c) 2023 Louell Cid Cabanela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Nexus between Social Responsibility, Environmental Initiatives, and Profitability: A Sustainable Finance Perspective of the Universal Banks in the Philippines
This study examines the impact of social responsibility and environmental projects on the profitability of 10 Universal Banks in the Philippines within the context of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) through sustainable finance framework. The research adopts a quantitative approach and analyzes data from 2019 to 2021 using exploratory data analysis and regression analysis was used to capture any evolving trends or shifts in the relationship between banks' engagement in these projects and their financial performance. The study found that the number of social responsibility and environmental projects undertaken by Universal Banks did not exhibit a statistically significant impact on their profitability during this period (2019-2021). However, the study emphasizes the broader value of these initiatives, as they contribute to sustainability, promote corporate social responsibility, and align with global trends towards a more environmentally conscious and socially responsible business landscape. The research suggests that banks should continue to invest in social and environmental projects for their substantial societal and ecological impacts, aligning with the evolving needs and expectations of customers, investors, and the broader community.
Copyright (c) 2024 Denise Marie C. Aneslagon, Lance Bill B. Lim , Mae Ann S. Tomongha , Jeanica Eivey R. Legaspi , Abba Jamiah P. Limbaga , Jeah S. Casayas , Dale Q. Talaboc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revolutionizing Fan Engagement: Adopting Trends and Technologies in The Vibrant Indian Sports Landscape
The Indian sports industry is undergoing a substantial transformation in fan engagement, driven by evolving trends and technological innovations. This study comprehensively analyses the current state, methodologies, and implications of fan engagement within the Indian sports sector. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a noticeable shift in traditional fan behaviour, with a decline in physical gatherings and a surge in alternative forms of participation such as co-watching, online discussions, sports betting, and content sharing. The research employs a multifaceted methodology, combining data collection, surveys, and trend analysis. It explores the Impact of cutting-edge technologies like Over-the-Top (OTT) media services, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), blockchain technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Virtual Reality (VR) on reshaping fan engagement. The dynamic and tech-driven nature of the Indian sports industry necessitates a holistic understanding of contemporary fan engagement strategies. This study aims to analyze the current landscape of fan engagement in Indian sports, explore methodologies employed, and assess the Impact of technological innovations on fan behaviour. Quantitative methods like data collection through surveys have been employed to gain insights into emerging trends and their influence on fan engagement. Survey data reveals the enduring dominance of cricket (46%) and the growing prominence of football (29%) among Indian sports fans. Notably, there is significant trust (46%) in in-game analysis technologies, indicating fans' readiness to embrace technological enhancements. While live stadium experiences remain popular, the survey underscores the role of digital platforms, with 57% preferring Hotstar for sports content. The rising popularity of fantasy league apps and the recognition of social media's Impact on player performance (64%) present opportunities for digital engagement. The study concludes by offering recommendations for businesses and stakeholders to adapt to the changing landscape. It underscores the importance of integrating innovative technologies, fostering online fan communities, and tailoring content and experiences to cater to the evolving expectations of Indian sports enthusiasts.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kirti Mahajan, Amitava Pal, Avanti Desai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transformational Leadership Mediates the Relationship Between Employee Engagement and Performance in Production Media
The impact of leadership styles (LS) on employee performance (EP) and growth is profound, especially regarding engagement. This study delves into the type of leadership and its role in bridging the gap between employee involvement and accomplishments within the production media sector in Oman, specifically in audio and video production. This descriptive research seeks to discern patterns that can predict specific outcomes. The focus is mainly on employees who do not hold managerial roles in the Omani production media industry. For this study, data was collected from an estimated 312 participants. The PLS-SEM technique was the tool of choice to dissect the connections between the variables at play. Impressively, the outcomes validated all the presented hypotheses. On an academic level, this research contributes to the broader understanding of employee efficiency. It provides tangible evidence that could be pivotal for enhancing the productivity of Oman's production media sector. In a broader sense, the research's methodology offers a blueprint that can be adapted by tweaking the variables to analyze and boost EP and achievement in various settings.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fahad Batti Marshoudi, Zaharuzaman Jamaluddin, Faisal Ibrahim Al Balushi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement in the Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance
Organizational performance is the combined efforts of the employees and leadership. Their effective engagement and better working relationships enhance organizational performance and effectiveness. Open communication among employees and Leadership bolsters organizational performance and provides social, emotional, psychological, ethical, and moral support, safety, and security. This study explores employee engagement's mediating role in assessing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). A mixed methodology was adopted for the study. In the first step, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was adopted as a methodology for the analysis. In the second stage, a case study supported the study's findings. The study found that leadership style affects organizational performance. Moreover, employee engagement has a significant effect on organizational performance. The study also proposed a model based on the content review, which is recommended to be tested in different contexts and industries around the globe.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fahad Batti Al Marshoudi, Zaharuzaman Jamaluddin, Ali Mohsen Ba Aween, Faisal Ibrahim Al Balushi, Ba Aween Mohammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction in the Telecom Industry of Pakistan
This research aimed to create a comprehensive framework for understanding how emotions influence job satisfaction in violent and aggressive workplace behavior. A quantitative research methodology was adopted for data collection and analysis. Emotional Labor, Emotional Intelligence, and Job Satisfaction data was collected on a 7-point Likert Scale starting from (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree). Data was collected from Pakistan's telecom sector and analyzed using SPSS. The findings showed surface acting (SA) and job satisfaction (JS) are positively and significantly related, and Surface Acting (SA) and Work Hassles (WH) are positively and significantly related. Work Hassles (WH) and Negative Affectivity (NA) are positively and significantly linked. Negative Affectivity (NA) and Job Satisfaction (JS) are positively and significantly related. There is a mediating impact of Work Hassles and Negative Affectivity between Surface Acting and Job Satisfaction. At the same time, Emotional Intelligence moderates the relationship between Work Hassles and Negative Affectivity.
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Yousaf, Maria Zulfaqar, Hina Shahab, Hira Asif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactional Justice and Destructive Deviant Workplace Behavior: The Mediating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support in Developmental Project
Interactional justice and supervisors' support are crucial in steering employees' behaviour in either a constructive or destructive direction in developmental projects. This study examines the impact of interactional injustice on employees' deviant behaviour, using perceived supervisor support as a mediator. Equity and social exchange theories were employed to connect the study variables. A survey of the considerable literature on destructive deviance was conducted. A sampling approach with two phases was used to collect 158 responses. The study used a single structured and modified questionnaire. This research study has practical as well as theoretical implications. The study's findings indicate the relationship between interactional justice, deviant workplace behaviour, and the supervisor's role. The study has some limitations, including participant subjectivity and sampling. This research can be repeated in the future in other industries.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ansar Ali Mehdi, Sajid Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Project Information Overload & Role of PMIS in Managerial Decision-Making: A Study in Construction Companies of Oman
Most projects fail due to information overload. However, the project management information system (PMIS) and other technological support help the project managers (PM) make better decisions. This study looks at the issues of overloaded project information in Omani construction companies that the project managers must deal with. The study was based on quantitative data. The data is based on a survey through a structured questionnaire adopted from previous studies. The target population was the project managers (PMs) leading different construction companies in Oman, and about 296 PMs were approached. Two-stage sampling approach was adopted to collect the data and use SPSS software to analyse the data. The findings indicated that project managers can benefit from using a project management information system (PMIS), and project information overload had no adverse effects. The information system for project management favourably influences decisions. This research benefits project managers, especially those handling complex construction projects. Multiple factors affect the decision-making process in construction companies; therefore, the research recommends exploring the contextual factors regarding the construction industry in Oman and assessing their impact on decision-making processes and project performance.
Copyright (c) 2023 Al Ya'qoubi Balqees Eid Hamood, Sivadass A/L Thiruchelvam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring External Stakeholder Engagement Strategies and their Impact on Project Success
In the past few years, it can be observed that business norms and practices have changed and the market has now a wide circle of stakeholders as compared to past eras. The main purpose of the current study is to explore the impact of ESE strategies on project success in the IT industry (Information Technology) of Pakistan. The study is based on mixed methods. In the first phase, an in-depth Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was performed. In the next phase, face-to-face & virtual interviews were conducted with senior IT leads to develop various themes. Moreover, a word cloud and frequency chart was extracted using NVivo 12 to strengthen the argument. The findings show that there is a strong relationship between stakeholder engagement and project success in the IT industry. Likewise, the findings of the study suggest that a successful Strategy for External Stakeholder Engagement (SESE) is possible by using a collaborative and participatory approach. The study provides greater insights into the engagement of external stakeholders. Moreover, the study recommends exploring new means of communication that remain helpful in engaging stakeholders and should be aligned with the local and organizational culture.
Copyright (c) 2023 Bakhtawar, Ansar Ali Mehdi , Maria Zalfaqar, Moomal Asad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0